Dishwashing machine



Aug. 26, 1947.

v. R. ABRAMS DISHWASBING MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 7, 1940 1947- vpRpAianAms DISHY IASHING CHINE Filed Nov. 7, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lllllflllllllll'llllll/ 1 lli!!!IIIIIIIIIIIlI/I/lll mmvmn i intervals of time, the

Patented Aug. 2 6, 1947 =uN1TEos'rA'rEs: smear omen Application November 7,

1 My invention relates to in which water or aqueous on the articles to be cleaned by meansof rotating nozzles revolving in planetarymotion reia'-- tive to the dishes.

The principal object oi this inventionis to' pro;

the consumption of water and detergent.

A further object of machines which, when started by the'operator,

will wash quickly, rinse; shutoff, dry, and store" dishes with no further operator attention.

A still further object is to provide dish washi be built and installed in which are rugged and durable, and

ing machines which can expensively, which are not subject-to the electrical hazards and failures introduced by the association of'wa object oi! this invention is to provide: dish washing machines which are economical in dish washingjniachines' I solutions are impinged this inventionis to provide ter, grounded water pipes, and an electrical power supply.

The invention inits most general "aspectsin cludes a tank or container toconfinesprayand act as a drain basin to discharge waste 'liquid.

This'tank contains and supports a suitablebasket which are cleaned bythe action of liquid jets issuing from rotary nozzles.

and racks for dishes (By rotation of nozzles is -meant-a rotation about an internal axis similar to the rotation-oi the earth on its own axis, and by revolution of nozzles is meant a revolution about an external axis similar to the revolution of the earth about the sun. By planetary motion is meant a combination of these motions. motion may be achieved by the nozzles in relation to stationary dishes revolving the dishes combining these effects) The dishes are arranged in a basket free to turn about a vertical shaft and Relative planetary. planetary motionof or by, underrotating nozzles or by are driven by the water impact from the'rotary jets, which are set to deliver water with a velocity component in the direction of dish rotation At jets are turned through an angle which reverses the velocity component. This acts to retard and finally to reversethe direction of turn of the dish of the invention include devices for effecting'this change of direction, for metering detergent to control both concentration tion of application, means to begin the cycle and eiiect automatic termination of operations at theproper time and means for a dishes after shut down.

For a better understanding of the presentinvention, reference maybe had to the accompanying drawings, in which similar numbers areusedbasket. Other aspectsof solution "and dura utomatically 'drying' mascara so; 364,614-

scam 1 (or 134-138),

Figure 1 with the Figure; 4 is a detail planview partly in section and shows positioning 0! a part of the automatic cut-oil; mechanism."

Figure-15 is a detail vertical section of the reversing mechanism in greater detail.- Figure' 6 "is a perspective view of cabinet;

Figure '1 'is'a' of one form or control valve and cut-oi! mechanism f I Figure 8' isa" plan section of the same. l Figure 9'isho'ws'in pers'pectivea rotary nozzle and means for it's inclination. 'FigurelO is a section of the detergent metering, mixingand control device.

Figure i1 is a detail'section of the nozzle tip or Jet orifice.

the tank 01' Figure 12 is view 'inelevation and partlyiin section'oi another form: of control and shutoff device.

detail elevation partly in section section! Inthe form b1 the invention disclosed in rig-I uresgl and 2 and further tail in Figures-3 to 1 3:

1 Numeral I indicates whichpar'ts' 2 V Numeral 3 constitutes-a means of drain pipe I.

(Figure 5) is supported at the center of the tank by a spider or memberil, and forms a pivot bearing 9 to carry a freeturning sleeve Hi;

illustrated in greater dc the walls of a tank of basinopen to "waste by and l are the top' and bottom.

Pointed vertical shaft 8 Sleeve,

ll carries dishibasket and racks II and H. The

tank also support by" shown) bent chassis provide tubular shafts '10 in "the, thereof as appears in Fig; 1. ends 01 shafts ""(Fikure 9) are attached fbodie's 2| and 22,*respectively; to which are attached armsufandqiets 21*ofrotarynozzles. The other end ofeach' shaft" carries a'lever 25 andtermi k suitable brackets (not member u which is bored to tree turningfbearings' "for twof horizontal upper and loweriends v To corresponding es eem a rot'atablyfilexible connection or 'fiex Member if falso supports a, power cylinder 21" (Figures 2, 3} 4' and 5) ,which is When-valve I! is rotated, ports ports; 34,- and}: in cylinder 21",. If port at communicates with an adequatepressure source fitted with pis; to ;1,p1stoamqa2, piston seal Stand valve 35 I l4 and therein aresuccessively brought in communication with and port 33 with the atmosphere, then the piston will successively be moved outwardly by pressure and returned inwardly by spring 42. The cap 4I functions as a spring retainer and stop.

The upper end of sleeve I is. formed as a worm 30 which drives a worm wheel 28 (Figures 1, 2, 4, and These are maintained in mesh by means of any suitable bracket and bearings (not shown) supported on the sleeve I 0. II, I2 revolves with sleeve I0, worm wheel 28 is driven and by means of shaft 29 drives valve 35 through flexible connection 40. By this means piston 3| and rod 32 will respond to, and are caused to move by, a predetermined number of revolutions of basket II, I2. Piston rod 32 is attached to and drives bottom link 25 and hence top link 25 to which it is joined by a connecting link 26. Consequently, both shafts 20 are rotated alternately clockwise and anti-clockwise, and simultaneously in opposite directions relative to each other, when piston 3| moves upwardly and then downwardly, alternately.

Tank I also supports by suitable brackets (not When dish basket shown) meter-device I3 which mixes cleansing agent (usually an alkaline or saponaceous soluble powder) with the water for cleansing (Figures 1, 2, and 11). This'metering device consists of a cylinder I3 with a fixed bottom and a removable top I1, capable of making it liquid tight. It has an inlet 5 outlet I8 on the side.

at the bottom and an Within cylinder I3 is a concentric cylinder I4 of smaller dimensions which is maintained in central position by spacing lugs 46. Cylinder I4 is free to move axially or may be fixed with clearance at the bottom. Cylinder I4 has no top closure, but is pierced at its bottom center by small orifice I5, and on its sides by one or more holes I6. Cleansing agent is introduced into cylinder I4 and cover of cylinder I3 is sealed. Water enters at 5 and impacts against orifice I5 through which a small portion passes; the remainder of the water passes around the bottom edge of I4 alon the annular chamber formed between cylinders I3 and I4 and out through pipe I8. That portion of water which enters cylinder I4 forms a concentrated solution of cleansing agent and passes out of holes I6 to be mixed with the by-passed water entering pipe I8. The relative volumes of water passing through and by-passing cylinder I4 are dependent on the impact or Pitot action at orifice I5, the coefficient of discharge at I5, considered as an orifice, and the differential pressure drop across the system. These factors operate to produce a straight line relation between these relative volumes. In other words when the total water flowing through cylinder I3 varies, the proportion of the total flowing throughand around cylinder I4, remains approximately constant. By this means an approximately constant. proportion of concentrated solution is mixed with pure water at IB, and if the solution be saturated or reasonably constant in strength in I4, then, an approximately uniform concentration of solution is produced at, and delivered by I8. The action of this device is similar to, and comparable with, a gasoline carburetor.

Also supported on tank I and cooperating with piston rod 32 by means of links and a link 36 slidable freely in a guide 36a and suspended from the upper link 25, is cut-off mechanism shown in detail in Figures 7 and 8 and also in Figures 3 and 4. This mechanism consists of a valve 6 which opens when valve stem 54 is depressed into the valve body. Carried on a bracket 5' fixed to pipe 5 is a vertical link 53 which may be locked by a latch 52 pivotally mounted on the valve body. A disc 48 is operated through a shaft 49 by a lever or handle 50. This handle 50 is spring pressed in one direction by tension spring 50a toward closing valve 6. The disc 48 is fitted with .pins 41 and 5|. A link 41' slidably received in a guide bracket 39 is rotatably mounted on pin 41 and extends horizontally across the link 36, which is supported at its upper end by means of a hinge pin or lever 25, as appears in Fig. 3. Link 36 carries two horizontally spaced and vertically staggered fiat members 31 whose surfaces engage the tapered stop pins 36 carried by the link 41. These fiat members and the stop pins constitute an escapement. When valve is in off position pin 41 will be supporting the latch 52 out of engagement with link 53. Both pins 38 will be to the left of 31. When handle 50 and disc 48 are rotated in a counter clockwise direction, against spring action urging the link 41' to the right'ispring not shown), pin 5I pushes link 53 and stem 54 to the right and link 52 restrains link 53. At the same time link 41' travels to the right, and pins 38 (because of spring or give" in the mechanism) are allowed to slide by members 31 and are held in position by one of them abutting its fiat side against a fiat member surface. The spring or give'l in the mechanism mentioned above refers to the inherent elasticity of links 41 and 36, which are of light section, and their mountings. When pins 38, which have an inclinedface, as shown in Fig. 8, are moved relative to link 31, they cause links 41' and 36 to be sprung apart to allow the pins 38 to pass over the edges of the fiat members 31, due to this elasticity, in a manner comparable to a ratchet. When link 36 is driven up and down by piston rod the pins 38 are released and 41 travels to the left at each up and down movement of 36 and 31. When pins 38 are clear of members 31, spring action revolves disc 48 counter-clockwise, pin 41 depresses latch 52, releasing link 53 which permits valve stem 54 to move outwardly and close valve. The valve stem may be entirely actuated by fluid pressure acting as ona plunger or the closing action may be supplemented by a spring. Figures 12 and 13 show another form which the shut-off mechanism may take. Shut off valve 6 is operated as before by valve stem 54. Link 41a is shaped to form cam surface 55. Link 41a is spring pressed in one direction by tension spring 5% toward closing valve 6. When link 41a moves to left, stem 54 is depressed b cam face and valve is opened. Action of link 36, members 31, and pins 38 are as previously described. When 1 pins 38 are released by members 31, link 41a moves to right by spring action, and valve stem rises to close valve. The manual control of link 41a for opening valve may be done in any suitable way. 7 To operate this invention, as a dishwasher, dishes and the like are arranged in basket I2 and positioned in suitable racks or supports. Into cylinder I4 is put a requisite supply of cleansing powder, and the chamber I3 is closed. Valve lever 50 is revolved to open valve 6, which by means of pipe 5, connected to a supply of hot water under pressure, permits water to flow into chamber I3 and tube 68. Chamber I3 charges the water which flows through it with cleansing solution which passes through tube [8 and flexible connections I9 through tubular shafts 20 and thence is discharged at jets 21 and causes nozzles to rotate by reaction. Tube 68 connects with a port to valve rection under and above the whirling arrangement would 35 at 34 (Figureb). of valve 35, piston II will be at either the top or bottom of cylinder 21' an angle with a plane passed through the axis of basket revolution and the center about which the" nozzles rotate. Consequently, the issuing streams will have a component of motion across the radii of the basket and will exert force by impact to cause it to revolve. The basket revolves in one divalve 35 makes an approximate half revolution. Then the piston 3i makes a stroke, the nozzles turn about shafts", the jets reverse their direc tion of discharge, and the basket is gradually brought to rest and begins to'revolve in the other direction.

This reversing action is essential to wash dishes clean, because dishes have two sides. The reversal 'ofthe discharge of the jet permits both sides to be subject to direct water action. The slowing action of speeding up in the oppositedirection also introduces a cleansing action. Every sition of the and consequently, rotary nozzles (Figure 9) will be in either "the A or 3 jets until Depending on the position manualbperation to rinse would be required.

Obviously,the several automatic operations may bemanually done-reversal of nozzles, shut-off of air doors, or removal} v jets with respect to the basket between minimum and maximum speed of rotation ofthe basket involves a different relativevelocity and angle of attack so that'by reversal of discharge conditions outlined water streams are to strike the dishes at an infinite gles and velocities.

Simultaneously, with reversal, the cut-off escapement 31, 38 effects a progressive release. When the desired number of reversals are accomplishedvalve 6 is closed by cut-off mechaceases to flow. The cleansing powder in cylinder H is introduced in such quantity that the metered stream through" orifice l5 under the induced causes an approximately saturated solution to be quarters formed'in cylinder ll for about three of the time that the machine operates. Then a gradual decrease in concentration occursso that at the last the dishes are rinsed with practically clear water.

The drying operation takes place automatically when the machine is stopped after the dishes are rinsed with clear water. Louvers to hold in spray, but to admit air. 2 and 6.) Drying isdone by cool dry by the lower louvers, taking up heated dishes, moist, passing out of the upper louvers.

The operation of this invention can be illustrated by the performance of a typical machine.

(Figures 1. air entering moisture from the Example I Revolutions per reversal-Twenty-two.

Louver openings lll square inches. 7

Completeautomatic operation is achieved by co ordinating the several inventive features de metering cham scribed. To ber provides illustrate, unless the first a cleansing solution and-a final rinsing water, an automatic shut-off and drying have littlevalue,'because number of an- 61 are arranged and, after becoming warmed and drical, solid, of highvelocity,

water supply,"opening of of basket for drying, may all be done by hand but the resultingmachine willno longer be self-opcrating or as closely coordinated in its functions. Louvers placed diagonally opposite the nozzles adequately prevent spray from escaping the machine. Ifit is desired that vapor beIretained during the running cycles, these louvers maybe fitted with shutters to be operated by a cylinder similar toll. This cylinder would be connected to pipe 68 and would close the shutters when valve 8 admits fluid pressure and by spring action open them when valve 6 closes. V

In the average home wherehot water is limited in supply and expensiveto heat, it becomes essential that it be efliciently used. This-is done by effectively utilizing .for cleaning the scouring energy of water at high velocity. Jet orifice 21 (Figure 11) is designed as a bell mouth cylinder and gives a coefficient of discharge approaching unity; consequently the streamemitted is cylin and though the diameter is small, it exerts real scouring action on the surfaces to be cleaned. For very great variations in supply pressure, it is necessary to change the size of jets 21, but because discharge varies according to the square rootof the head. ordinary variations will be compensated for by the characteristics of the machine. Forinstance, if the pressure at the jet is decreased from one hundred pounds per square inch to eighty-one pounds per square inch, the rate of discharge will fall in the ratio of ten to nine or but ten per cent. At the lower rate of discharge less impact energy will be imparted tothe dish basket which will revolve and reverse more slowly and thus. operatefor a longer time. Thus. substantially the same amount of water will be used and approximately the same washing effect achieved. While the invention has been described with, reference to a number of different forms, it should be understood that there may be other variations of these forms ofthe invention, such 7 as movement of the basket, plus complete planeis stantially tary movement of the nozzles. More or less nozzles may be used and their location changed. Any number of reversals may be practiced, by changing the number of escapement pins. Other arrangements of parts may be employed. Orifice I! may depend on pressure drop or on a Venturi effect for its differential pressure. Therefore, the forms of the invention'described should be considered as illustrative only, and not as limiting the scope of the following claims.

I claim: 1. In a washing machine, a frame structure, a basket rotatably mounted therein to turn about a vertical axis and having a supporting surface perpendicular to its axis of rotation, a rockable upporting member at each side of said. surface ind spaced laterally from said axis, each supporting member having an appreciable dimension in the general direction of said surface, a reaction tube rotatably carried by each supporting member on an axis substantially parallel to the first named axis of rotation, jets extending from each tube at opposite sides of its axis of rotation and directed toward said supportlngsurfacefthe jets of each tube forming diverging planes with the tube,

means for rocking said supporting members in unison each about a subhorizontal axis so that the Jets'irom both tubes converge toward said supporting surfacein substantially all positions of said rocking members, whereby the streams from each set of jets tendto rotate said basket in the same direction in any given position of said rockable members and whereby the basket is caused to'berotated in'one direction by the streams from said jets when rocked to one side and rotated in the opposite direction when rocked to the other side.

2. In a washing machine, a fram structure, a basket rotatably mounted therein to turn on a vertical axis, a rockable supporting member spaced laterally from the axis of rotation of said basket and having an appreciable dimension in the general direction of said axis, a reaction tube rotatably carried by said member on an axis of rotation substantially parallel to the first named axis of rotation, jets extending from said tube at opposite sides of its axis of rotation, said jets being directed toward said basket and forming divergent planes with saidtube, and means forv rocking said supporting member about a substantially horizontal axis so that the streams from said jets act against the basket when said sup, porting member is inclined in one direction to exert a force against dishes inthe basket and thereby cause rotation of the basket in one di rection, and said streams from said jets act when said supporting member, is inclined in the opposite direction to thereby causerotation of said basket in the opposite direction, said rocking means being mechanically connected by gearing to said basket, whereby said means is actuated in fixed relation to a predetermined number of revolution of said basket.

3. In a washing machine, a frame structure,-a basket'rotatably mounted therein to turn on a vertical axis, a rockable supporting member spaced laterally from the axis of rotation of said basket and haying an appreciable dimension in the general direction of said axis, a reaction tube rotatably carried by said member on an axis of rotation substantially parallel to the first named axis of rotation, jets extending from said tube at opposite sides ofits axis of rotation, saidjets being directed toward said basket and forming divergent planes with said tube, and means for rocking said supporting member about a substantially horizontal axis so that the streams from said jets act against thebasket when said supporting member ig'inclined in one direction to exert a force against dishes in the basket and thereby cause rotation of the basket in one direction, and said streams from said jets act when said supporting member is inclined in the opposite direction to thereby cause rotation of said basket in the'opposite direction, a hydraulic device for operating said rocking means, a valve controlling delivery of fluid to said hydraulic device, said valve bein mechanically connected by gearing to said basket, whereby said rocking means is actuated in fixed relation to a predetermined number of revolutions of said basket.

4. A machine as characterized in claim 1, wherein said rocking means is mechanically connected by gearing to said basket, whereby said means is actuated in fixed relation to a predetermined number of revolutions of said basket,

5. A machine as defined characterized by a hydraulic saidrocking means, a valve device for operating controlling delivery of fluid to said hydraulic device, said valve being mechanically connected by gearingto said basket, whereby said rocking means is actuated in fixed in claim l,-further relation to a predetermined number of revolutions of said basket.

6. In a washing machine, a frame structure, a basket rotatably mounted therein to turn on a vertical axis, a rockable supporting member spaced laterally from th axis of rotation of said basket and having an appreciable dimension in the general direction of said axis, a reaction tube rotatably carried by said member on an'axis of rotation substantially parallel to the first named axis of rotation, jets extending from said tube at opposite sides of its axis of rotation, said jets being directed toward said vergent planes with said tube, and means for rocking said supporting member about a substansaid conduit, and means operable by said rocking means and connected to said valve for causing movement of said valve.

7. In a washing machine, a frame structure, a basket rotatably mounted therein to turn on a vertical nation, a dish container, a reaction type nozzle 9 i a force to cause said relative movement between the dishes and the nozzle in one direction about said vertical axis when the nozzle is inclined in one direction and to cause said relative movement in the opposite direction when the nozzle is in- VICTOR R. ABRAMS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,314,622 Vaudreuil Sept, 2, 1919 1,323,216 Cornwall et a1. Nov. 25. 1919 1,447,305 Hauk Mar, 6, 1923 1,262,717 Vaudreuil Apr. 16, 1918 Number Number Name Date Howell June 17, 1924 Murphy Apr. 16, 1940 Roedeker Oct. 4, 1921 Lewis Oct. 24, 1939 Clinton Feb. 28, 1922 Vaudreuil Aug. 31, 1926 Cave Aug. 21, 1928 Clinton Oct. 29, 1929 Hayward Apr. 30, 1918 Ingalls .1. Dec. 28, 1886 Hank Mar. 6, 1923 Kirby Mar. 26, 1935 Dwyer Jan. 7, 1941 Crosby July 26, 1892 Wing Jan. 31, 1922 Dow Oct. 17, 1922 Steensen Dec. 10, 1935 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain A118. 24, 1933 

